导语

  

内容提要

  

    徐方著的《工作记忆与外语可理解性输入(英文版)》从认知的角度研究了影响听力理解的一个重要因素——工作记忆，并进一步探讨了工作记忆、听力理解与可理解性输入之间的关系。书中报告了对中国非英语专业二年级40名学生所做的一次实验研究，其目的是评估工作记忆（短时记忆）对于以英语为外语学习的我国学生听力理解的影响以及探究是否改善工作记忆对提供可理解性输入起到重要作用。

    徐方，青岛科技大学语言学硕士生导师，副教授。本科毕业于中国海洋大学英语专业，获文学学士学位；研究生毕业于中国人民解放军外国语学院英语语言文学专业，获文学硕士学位。
    出版专著1部、编著2部。发表学术论文21篇，其中CSSCI来源期刊论文2篇、CSSCI(扩展版)来源期刊论文2篇。主持2018年教育部人文社科研究一般项目、2018年山东省社会科学规划研究一般项目、2015年山东省教育科学“十二五”规划项目各1项。2016年7月至2017年7月，公派美国亚利桑那大学语言学系访学，师从著名的心理语言学教授Thomas Bever’学习心理语言学。

Preface
Contents
Chapter 1  Introduction
  1.1  Origin of the Research
  1.2  Aim of the Research
  1.3  Method of the Research
  1.4  Design of the Research
Chapter 2  Review of the Literature
  2.1  Listening Comprehension
    2.1.1  The Nature of Listening Comprehension
    2.1.2  The Process of Listening Comprehension
    2.1.3  The Skills of Listening Comprehension
  2.2  Krashen's Input Hypothesis and Listening Comprehension
  2.3  Short-Term Memory
    2.3.1  The Definition and Nature of Short-Term Memory
    2.3.2  Review of the Researches on Short-Term Memory
  2.4  Working Memory
    2.4.1  The Concept of Working Memory
    2.4.2  Working Memory in Neuroimaging
    2.4.3  The Relationship Between Short-Term Memory and
                Working Memory
    2.4.4  Working Memory and the Frontal Lobes
    2.4.5  Long-Term Working Memory in Everyday Skilled Performance.
  2.5  Chunking
    2.5.1  The Definition of Chunking
    2.5.2  Application of Chunking to Language Study
    2.5.3  Chunking and Capacity
  2.6  Short-Term Memory and Chunking
  2.7  Working Memory (Short-Term Memory) and EFL
         Listening Comprehension
Chapter 3 Research Methodology
  3.1  Experiment 1
    3.1.1  Participants
    3.1.2  Instruments
  3.2  Experiment 2
    3.2.1  Research Questions
    3.2.2  Variables
    3.2.3  Participants
    3.2.4  Instruments
    3.2.5  Research Design
Chapter 4 Results and Discussions
  4.1  Results of Experiment 1
  4.1  . l  English Proficiency Prior to the Experiment
    4.1.2  Results After the Experiment
    4.1.3  Correlation Analyses
  4.2  Results of Experiment 2
    4.2.1  Statistical Procedures
    4.2.2  Validity and Reliability of the Instrument
    4.2.3  Experimental Results and Discussion
  4.3  Summary
Chapter 5 Pedagogical Implications
  5.1  Relationships Between Listening and Speaking
  5.2  Listening Materials
  5.3  The Speaker
  5.4  The Listener
  5.5  Relationships Between Working Memory
         (Short-Term Memory) and EFL Teaching and Learning
Chapter 6 Conclusion
  6.1  How to Overcome the Limited Capacity of
         Working Memory (Short-Term Memory)
    6.1.1  Applying Chunking to Vocabulary Memorization
                  in Listening Comprehension
    6.1.2  Employing Chunking Strategy and Increasing Working
                  Memory (Short-Term Memory) Capacity
    6.1.3  Making Use of Chunking in Skill Building
    6.1.4  Raising Students' Chunking Awareness and Improving
                  Their Ability to Chunk Language
    6.1.5  Applying the Schema Theory in Listening Comprehension  
    6.1.6  Practice Improves Total Capacity
    6.1.7  Long-Term Working Memory as an Alternative to
                  Capacity Models of Working Memory in Everyday Skilled
                  Performance
  6.2  Limitations of the Research
    6.2.1  Sampling
    6.2.2  Listening Materials of the Four Subtests
    6.2.3  Scoring
  6.3  Suggestions for Further Research
    6.3.1  Sampling
    6.3.2  Listening Materials of the Four Subtests
    6.3.3  Measures of Memory of the Four Subtests
Appendices
   Appendix I  Posttest Questionnaire (Experiment 1)
   Appendix 2  First Final Examination (Experiment 1)
         Part I  Composition
         Part II  Listening Comprehension
         Part III  Reading Comprehension
         Part IV  Vocabulary and Structure
         Part V  Cloze
         Part VI  Translation From Chinese to English
   Appendix 3  Second Final Examination (Experiment 1)
         Part I  Writing
         Part II  Listening Comprehension
         Part III  Reading Comprehension
         Part IV  Vocabulary & Grammar
         Part V  Translation
   Appendix 4  Tapescripts for Pretest (Experiment 2)
   Appendix 5  Key for Reference for Pretest (Experiment 2)
   Appendix 6  Tapescripts for Research Test (Experiment 2)
   Appendix 7  Relative Length of the Sentences (Experiment 2)
   Appendix 8  Posttest Questionnaire (Experiment 2)
          Questionnaire 1
          Questionnaire 2
   Appendix 9  Listening Comprehension Test (Experiment 2)
          Part I
          Part II
          Part III
          Part IV
          Part V
   Appendix 10  Key for Reference for Listening Comprehension
                      Test (Experiment 2)
   Appendix 11  Scores of Short-Term Memory Rated by Two Raters
                      and Mean Scores of Four Subtests (Experiment 2)  
Bibliography