本书每一部分内容介绍计算机科学一个学科领域的科普性内容，避免出现较深奥和晦涩的概念及理论，易于读者阅读和理解。力求覆盖计算机科学相关领域内容，高度概括每个领域的发展历史、研究内容和发展情况，使不同层次的读者通过阅读和学习可以对该领域有全面、客观的了解。素材取自国内外最近几年计算机科学各个领域的最新教材、专著、论文、学者访谈、百科等可靠来源，使读者可以了解计算机科学与技术的最新进展。
本书从计算机科学各个领域的最新教材、专著、论文、百科等英文素材中选择各分支学科的基本概念、方法及最新发展等内容，涵盖计算机硬件、软件、数据库、网络、信息安全、人工智能、机器学习、人机交互、量子计算、大数据、云计算等领域的基础理论和应用，内容具有基础性、趣味性、广泛性和知识性。读者通过阅读和学习本书，能够掌握大量的英文专业术语、熟悉常用的语法和句式表达方法，提高读者在计算机科学相关领域的英语应用能力。同时本书精心选择的内容还可帮助读者丰富计算机学科知识、拓展科学研究视野。
本书可作为普通高等学校计算机科学与技术、网络工程、软件工程及相关专业的英语教材或计算机导论课程的双语教材，也可作为从事相关行业的科研与工程技术人员的参考用书。
Chapter 1 Introduction of Computer Science
1.1 History of Computer Science
1.2 Areas of Computer Science
1.2.1 Theoretical Computer Science
1.2.2 Applied Computer Science
1.3 Is Computer Science Science?
1.3.1 Common Understandings of Science
1.3.2 Internal Disagreement
1.3.3 Computer Science Thrives on Relationships
1.3.4 Validating Computer Science Claims
1.4 The Future of Computer Science
1.4.1 Introduction
1.4.2 Innovative Research Projects
1.4.3 Theoretical Foundation
1.4.4 An Interview
1.5 Key Terms and Review Questions
References
Chapter2 Computer Architecture and Networks
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Computer Architecture
2.1.2 Design Goals
2.2 Computer System
2.2.1 Hardware
2.2.2 Software
2.3 Computer Networking
2.3.1 Network Hardware
2.3.2 Network Protocols
2.3.3 Internet and TCP/IP
2.4 Wireless Network
2.4.1 Wireless LAN Networking Basics
2.4.2 Mobile Network
2.4.3 Wireless Sensor Network
2.5 Key Terms and Review Questions
References
Chapter3 Operating System
3.1 Definition and Function
3.1.1 What is Operating System?
3.1.2 Functions of Operating System
3.1.3 Types of Operating Systems
3.2 Tasks of an Operating System
3.2.1 Processor Management
3.2.2 Process Management
3.2.3 Memory and Storage Management
3.2.4 Device Management
3.2.5 Application Interface
3.2.6 User Interface
3.3 Examples of Popular Modern Operating Systems
3.3.1 UNIX and UNIX-like Operating Systems
3.3.2 Microsoft Windows
3.4 Comparison, of Windows and UNIX Environments
3.5 Key Terms and Review Questions
References
Chapter4 Algorithms, Data Structures and Software Engineering
4.1 Algorithm
4.1.1 Introduction
4.1.2 Definition of Algorithms
4.1.3 Specifying Algorithms
4.1.4 Examples -- Sorting Algorithms
4.1.5 Algorithm Analysis
4.2 Data Structures
4.2.1 Definition
4.2.2 Types of Data Structure
4.3 Programming
4.3.1 Evolution of Programming Language
4.3.2 Basic Components and Structure of a Program
4.3.3 Object-oriented Programming
4.4 Software Engineering
4.4.1 Life Cycle of Software
4.4.2 Software Development Models
4.4.3 Software Quality Characteristics
4.5 Key Terms and Review Questions
References
Chapter 5 Databases and Information Retrieval
5.1 Database System
5.1.1 Database
5.1.2 Relational Database
5.1.3 Database Management System
5.1.4 SQL
5.2 Information Retrieval
5.2.1 Introduction
5.2.2 An Example of Information Retrieval
5.2.3 Open Source IR System
5.2.4 Performance Measure
5.3 Web Search Basics
5.3.1 Background and History
5.3.2 Web Search Features
5.3.3 Web Crawling and Indexes
5.4 Key Terms and Review Questions
References
Chapter 6 Artificial Intelligence
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 History of AI
6.1.2 Research Branches of AI
6.2 Turing Test
6.2.1 Introduction
6.2.2 Alan Turing
6.2.3 Inception of the Turing Test
6.2.4 Problems/Difficulties with the Turing Test
6.2.5 The Current State of the Turing Test
6.2.6 Artificial Intelligence Computer System Passes Visual Turing Test
6.3 Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
6.3.1 How to Represent Knowledge
6.3.2 Representation
6.3.3 Reasoning about Knowledge
6.3.4 KBS
6.3.5 MYCIN--A Case Study
6.4 Case-based Reasoning
6.4.1 Introduction
6.4.2 Fundamental of Case-based Reasoning
6.4.3 The CBR Process
6.4.4 Example-based Machine Translation
6.5 Robotics
6.5.1 Components of Robot
6.5.2 Control System
6.5.3 Environmental Interaction and Navigation
6.5.4 Top 10 Humanoid Robots
6.6 Computer Vision
6.6.1 Brief Introduction
6.6.2 Tasks of Computer Vision
6.6.3 An Example -- Facial Recognition System
6.7 Existential Risk from Artificial General Intelligence
6.7.1 Overview
6.7.2 Risk Scenarios
6.7.3 Different Reactions on the Thesis
6.8 Key Terms and Review Questions
References
Chapter 7 Computer Graphics and Visualization
7.1 Computer Graphics
7.1.1 What Is Computer Graphics
7.1.2 Types of Graphics
7.1.3 Techniques Used in CG
7.1.4 Computer-aided Design
7.1.5 3D Modeling
7.2 Virtual Reality
7.2.1 What Is Virtual Reality?
7.2.2 Types of Virtual Reality
7.2.3 Equipment Used in Virtual Reality
7.2.4 Applications of Virtual Reality
7.2.5 Pros and Cons of Virtual Reality
7.3 Data Visualization
7.3.1 Characteristics of Effective Graphical Displays
7.3.2 Quantitative Messages
7.3.3 Visual Perception and Data Visualization
7.3.4 Examples of Diagrams Used for Data Visualization
7.4 Key Terms and Review Questions
References
Chapter 8 Human-Computer Interaction
8.1 Human-Computer Interaction
8.1.1 History of HCI
8.1.2 From Cabal to Community
8.1.3 Beyond the Desktop
8.1.4 The Task-artifact Cycle
8.1.5 A Caldron of Theory
8.1.6 Implications of HCI for Science, Practice, and Epistemology
8.2 User Interface Design Adaptation
8.2.1 Introduction
8.2.2 User Interface/Task/Platform Relations
8.2.3 Authoring Multi-Device Interactive Applications
8.2.4 Adaptation Rules
8.2.5 Model-based UI Design in Multi-Device Contexts
8.2.6 Vocal Interfaces
8.2.7 Multimodal User Interfaces
8.3 HRI
8.3.1 Introduction of HRI
8.3.2 HRI -- About (not) Romanticizing Robots
8.3.3 HRI -- There Is No Such Thing as "Natural Interaction"
8.3.4 HRI -- There Is a Place For Non-humanoid Robots
8.4 Key Terms and Review Questions
References
Chapter9 Computer Security
9.1 Computer Security Issues
9.1.1 Basic Security Concepts
9.1.2 Threats and Attacks
9.1.3 A Model for Network Security
9.2 Security Countermeasure
9.3 Cryptography
9.3.1 Basic Concepts
9.3.2 History of Cryptography
9.3.3 Modem Cryptography
9.4 Top 10 Cyber-security Issues in 2016
9.5 Cyberwar
9.5.1 A Cybersecurity Wargame Scenario
9.5.2 The First Casualty of Cyberwar Is The Web
9.5.3 Building Digital Armies
9.5.4 How Cyber Weapons Work
9.5.5 When Is a Cyberwar Not a Cyberwar?
9.5.6 The Targets in Cyberwar
9.5.7 Cyberwar: Coming to a Living Room Near You?
9.6 Key Terms and Review Questions
References
Chapter 10 Latest Progresses in Computer Science
10.1 Quantum Information Science
10.1.1 Quantum Computing
10.1.2 Quantum Cryptography
10.2 Deep Learning
10.2.1 Introduction
10.2.2 Historical Trends in Deep Learning
10.3 Cloud Computing
10.3.1 TheVision of Cloud Computing
10.3.2 Defining a Cloud
10.3.3 ACloser Look
10.3.4 The Cloud Computing Reference Model
10.4 Big Data
10.4.1 Let the Data Speak
10.4.2 Definition and Characteristic of Big Data
10.4.3 Value of Big Data
10.4.4 Risk ofBig Data
10.5 Key Terms and Review Questions
References
“计算机英语”是计算机及相关专业的一门专业基础课程。由于计算机相关核心技术大部分源于英语国家，很多的技术文档资料、编程工具原版都以英语为主，因此较好的英文水平有利于专业和职业的长远发展；另外，计算机技术更新速度极快，如果不掌握一定的专业词汇，必然会影响对新技术的理解和消化。为了提高学生在计算机相关领域的英语应用能力，使学生在有限的学时中比较全面地掌握专业词汇、能顺利地阅读和理解专业文献，同时保证学生的学习兴趣、拓展专业知识面、避免陷于深奥的专业知识，本教材在内容的编排和选择上坚持以下三个原则。
基础性和趣味性原则：每一部分内容介绍计算机科学一个学科领域的科普性内容，避免出现较深奥和晦涩的概念及理论，易于读者阅读和理解。
广泛性和知识性原则：力求覆盖计算机科学相关领域内容，高度概括每个领域的发展历史、研究内容和发展情况，使不同层次的读者通过阅读和学习可以对该领域有全面、客观的了解。
可靠性和实效性原则：素材取自国内外最近几年计算机科学各个领域的最新教材、专著、论文、学者访谈、百科等可靠来源，使读者可以了解计算机科学与技术的最新进展。
本教材每章内容相对独立，教师可根据实际教学需要确定重点授课内容。本书第1章概括计算机科学的发展历史、学科分支及未来发展方向；第2章集合了计算机体系结构、硬件、互联网、无线网方面的基础知识；第3章介绍操作系统的常识，包括操作系统的定义、任务及常用操作系统的案例及对比；第4章介绍算法、数据结构和软件工程方面的知识；第5章集合了关系数据库、查询语言、信息检索和网页检索的基础概念和常识；第6章为人工智能相关领域的知识，包括图灵测试、知识表达和推理、机器人、计算机视觉、人工智能可能存在的风险等；第7章为计算图形学领域的分支和应用，包括计算机辅助设计、3D建模、虚拟现实、数据可视化等；第8章为人机交互技术方面的相关知识，包含人机交互的发展、人机界面的设计原理和规则等；第9章为计算机安全相关知识，包括基本概念、安全措施、密码学及网络战争等内容；第10章介绍计算机科学与技术领域的一些最新进展，包括量子计算、深度学习、云计算和大数据方面的内容。本书不仅是一本计算机专业英语的教材，也是对计算机专业知识的一个概览，具有很强的科学性、知识性、趣味性。
本书的第1～4章主要由刘学副教授编写；第5章和第6章主要由李晓峰教授编写；第7、8、10章及附录词汇部分主要由戚文静教授编写和整理；第9章和第10章由李国文博士编写；最后由戚文静完成对本书的统稿；另外，刘宇祺、王亦佳等同学参与了本书稿的录入和校对工作，赵敬教授对本书的编写提出了很多宝贵意见。
另外，在清华大学出版社编辑的大力支持和协助下，本书得以在较短时间内出版和发行，在此对他们的工作表示诚挚的感谢。同时，感谢戚文静家人对我的理解、支持和关爱，使得本书稿能够顺利完成。
教材中难免有不足和疏漏之处，恳请广大读者提出宝贵意见和建议，以便进一步完善本教材。
戚文静
2018年夏于映雪湖
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