导语

  

内容提要

  

本书以阐释学为理论支点，从历史角度研究1940年代至1990年代老舍长篇小说的英译情况；以乔治·斯坦纳“动态阐释”理论(Hermeneutic)为框架，将“信任”(trust)、“侵入”(aggression)、“吸纳”(incorporation)、“补偿”(restitution)分别对应翻译活动中的文本选择与译本形成、输入与输出双方付出努力，以求达到翻译平衡。本书将从以上4个方面展开研究，以期发现老舍长篇小说英译始于何时、起于何因、通过何种方式被译介到西方，英语世界读者又以何种方式接受。本书据图考察老舍长篇小说西行过程初期经历了怎样的扭曲与变形、中西方译者与出版商通过怎样的努力恢复老舍长篇小说的本来面目，恢复源语文本的内部平衡和文本间平衡。本书兼具描述性与规定性研究范式——除了对翻译活动进行描述性研究之外，更对老舍长篇小说的英译提出了明确判断，并提出英译中国现代小说的广义实践标准与最终伦理目标。在本书中，老舍8部长篇小说以及1部未完成长篇小说将被作为一个延展的源语文本整体，而老舍小说英译史将被作为一个延展的翻译过程，即一个延展了的动态阐释过程。
    本书分为4章，第一章对老舍长篇小说英译活动进行了分阶段梳理和分析；第二章从斯坦纳“动态阐释”理论的阐释学渊源出发，将其置于更广阔的的历史文化语境中，对该理论进行了解释与适应性扩充与细化，；第三章在“阐释运作”莅临框架下对老舍长篇小说英译进行具体研究；第四章结论对研究进行总结，老舍长篇小说经历了1970年代之前西方译者的实用“信任”、偏见“侵入”、归化“吸纳”，以及1940年代末至1950年代老舍不适时的“补偿”努力之后，逐渐走向平衡，这是向西方世界译介中国现代小说的广义标准与最终伦理目标，它显示“动态阐释”理论兼描述性与规定性的特征及其应用于某一作家、某一类文学作品英译历史研究的特殊意义。

Chapter Ⅰ  Introduction
  1.Lao She and His Novels
  2.A Historical Overview of the English Translation of Lao She' s Novels (1945-now)
    2.1  Debut (1945-1948)
    2.2  Lao She's self-translation (1948-1952)
    2.3  Intermission (1953-1969)
    2.4  Retranslation (1970-1979)
    2.5  Contemperary translation (1980-now)
  3.Objective, Method and Prospective Contributions of the Study
    3.1  From translating-in to translating-out
    3.2  Studies of historical continuum as a supplement for isolated case studies
    3.3  Modifying and extending the theory before applying it
      3.1.1  Toward an extended version of Hermeneutic Motion
      3.1.2  Hermeneutic Motion as a tentative theoretical framework of historical studies
Chapter Ⅱ  Theoretical Preliminaries
  1.Overall Theoretical Bearing
  2.Steiner and His Hermeneutic Motion
  3.The Rationale of Applying Hermeneutic Motion to Historical Studies
    3.1  Presenting coherence of different stages of translational action
    3.2  Exploring the nature of translation from the perspective of hermeneutic philosophy
    3.3  Avoiding dichotomies of paradigms of translation studies
  4.The Need for an Extended Version of Hermeneutic Motion
    4.1  The need for contextualizing translational action
    4.2  The need for specifying stages of Hermeneutic Motion
    4.3  The need for supplementary theories
  5.Toward an Extended Version of Hermeneutic Motion and Its Application
    5.1  Trust: dimension differentiated
      5.1.1  Trust concerns both the meaning and the significance of the text
      5.1.2  Trust among different roles in translational action
      5.1.3  Multi-dimensional trust: spectrum between ideal trust & utilitarian trust
    5.2  Aggression: procedure specified
      5.2.1  Potentiality of the text and aggression
      5.2.2  Preconditioned understanding and aggression
      5.2.3  Specifying the procedures of aggression
    5.3  Incorporation: cause and effect elaborated
      5.3.1  Expectancy norms
      5.3.2  Conforming or breaking
      5.3.3  Elaborating on the cause and effect of incorporation
    5.4  Restitution : implication analyzed
      5.4.1  Imbalance and balance of translation
      5.4.2  Equilibrium as an ethical creed
      5.4.3  Equilibrium as an instruction
  6.Summary with illustration: An extended version of Hermeneutic Motion
Chapter Ⅲ  A Study on the English Translation of Lao She's Novels within the Framework of an Extended Hermeneutic
Motion
  1.Trust with Ulterior Motives and Text Selection
    1.1  Luotuo Xiangzi and Cultural Otherness
      1.1.1  "Trust" on ST: to see a cultural other in Luotuo Xiangzi
      1.1.2  "Trust" on the original author: Lao She as a new comer
      1.1.3  The translator with ulterior motives and the publisher with special interest in Chinese culture
    1.2  Mao Cheng Ji and political otherness
      1.2.1  "Trust" on ST : to see a political other in Mao Cheng Ji
      1.2.2  "Trust" on the original author: Lao She as a controversial figure in China
      1.2.3  The translator: more a sinologist than a scholar of literature
    1.3  Summary
  2.Biased Aggression and Manipulation of the ST
    2.1  Aggressing in and manipulating Luotuo Xiangzi (1945, Rickshaw Boy)
      2.1.1  ST disintegrates: to add and to cut out
      2.1.2  Manipulating between self and other
    2.2  Aggressing in and manipulating Mao Cheng Ji (1964, City of Cats)
      2.2.1  Breaking the integrity of ST : the abridged translation of Mao Cheng Ji
      2.2.2  Manipulating between fiction and facts
    2.3  Summary
  3.Adaptive Incorporation and Reception of TT
    3.1  Adaptive incorporation and the reception of Luotuo Xiangzi (1945, Rickshaw Boy)
      3.1.1  Remolding and reshuffling: literary features of TT (compared with ST)
      3.1.2  Reception of the English translation of Luotuo Xiangzi
      3.1.3  Contemporary expectancy norm of TL society
    3.2  Adaptive incorporation and the influence of Mao Cheng Ji (1960, City of Cats)
      3.2.1  Remolding and packaging : literary features of TT (compared with ST)
      3.2.2  Expectancy norm of TL society
    3.3  Summary
  4.Unbalanced English Translation of Lao She's Novels and the Effects
    4.1  Breaking the intra-textual and extra-textual equilibrium of ST
    4.2  Constructing national identities of foreign cultures
    4.3  Blocking inter-cultural communication and circulation of world literature
  5.Restitution: Toward Equilibrium of the English Translation of Lao She's Novels
    5.1  Exporting as a counterforce: Restitution initiated by SL society
      5.1.1  Untimely restitution: Lao She's efforts
      5.1.2  Over-restitution: efforts of journals and publishing houses in China's mainland
    5.2  Bridgehead between TL and SL: Restitution initiated by Hong Kong media
      5.2.1  Journal: Renditions
      5.2.2  Hong Kong Joint Publishing Company
      5.2.3  Influence and analysis
    5.3  Alternative interpretation: Restitution initiated by TL society
      5.3.1  Fiction more than facts: retranslation of Mao Cheng Ji (1970)
      5.3.2  Rectifying bowdlerization and alteration: retranslation of Luotuo Xiangzi (1979)
      5.3.3  Reconsidering Westem image of China: translating Er Ma ( 1980 )
      5.3.4  Influence and analysis
    5.4  Toward equilibrium of the English translation of Lao She's novels
      5.4.1  Approaching adequacy
      5.4.2  To achieve the ultimate and ethical aim of translation
Chapter Ⅳ  Conclusion
  1.Changes in the English Translation of Lao She's Novels
  2.Reasons Underlying the Changes
Bibliography
Appendix