导语

  

内容提要

  

    本书包括七章内容，可分为三个部分。第一部分（第二章）从海洋油气导管的功能入手，按照油气导管所处作业环境，将其分为水上井口和水下井口两类，分别重点介绍这两大类井口的探井和开发井油气导管主要组成及其结构特点，并给出国际典型的浅水和深水井口装置结构。第二部分（第三、四、五章）主要以海洋油气导管安装为目标，分别论述了海洋油气井安装油气导管的三种主流方法（分别是：钻入法、锤入法和喷射法）的施工工艺和装备，同时重点介绍了三种海洋油气导管安装方法的关键设计技术。在第一和第二部分基础上，第三部分结合地质、海洋环境和施工作业因素，重点分析了三种施工工艺的差异性和彼此的适用性，可为海洋油气导管安装方法选择提供科学依据。

Contents
1  Overview on Hydrate Risks in Deepwater Oil and Gas Development
  1.1  Engineering Background of Hydrate Risks
  1.2  Hydrate Risks During Deepwater Drilling and Well Control
  1.3  Hydrate Risks During Deepwater Gas Well Test
  1.4  Hydrate Risks During Deepwater Oil and Gas Production
  1.5  Management Measures for Hydrate Risks
  References
2  Formation and Decomposition of Natural Gas Hydrate
  2.1  Structure and Formation of NGH
  2.2  Formation of NGH
    2.2.1  Hydrate Phase Equilibrium Condition
    2.2.2  Hydrate Formation Dynamics
    2.2.3  Hydrate Formation in Gas Phase with Free Water and Its Rate
    2.2.4  Hydrate Formation in Gas Phase Without Free Water and Its Rate
  2.3  Decomposition of NGH
    2.3.1  Hydrate Decomposition Above Freezing Point
    2.3.2  Hydrate Decomposition Below Freezing Point
  2.4  Formation and Decomposition of Hydrate Converted from Moving Bubbles
    2.4.1  Mass Transfer Model of Moving Bubbles
    2.4.2  Interphase Mass Transfer Rate
    2.4.3  Formation and Decomposition of Hydrate Converted from Moving Bubbles
  References
3  Prediction for NGH Formation Area in Deepwater Gas Well
  3.1  Coupling Between Hydrate Behavior and Multi-phase Flow Characteristics
  3.2  Prediction on Well/Pipeline Temperature and Pressure Fields in Annular-Mist Flow
    3.2.1  Multiphase Flow Model
    3.2.2  Model Solution
    3.2.3  Model Validation
  3.3  Prediction on Well/Pipeline Temperature and Pressure Field in Water-Saturated Gas Systems
    3.3.1  Temperature Field Model
    3.3.2  Pressure Field Model
  3.4  Influencing Factors of NGH Phase Equilibrium in Well/Pipeline
    3.4.1  Natural Gas Components
    3.4.2  Natural Gas Density
    3.4.3  Thermodynamic Inhibitor
    3.4.4  Sand Content
  3.5  Prediction and Influence Factors of Hydrate Formation Area in Deepwater Gas Well
    3.5.1  Prediction Methods of Hydrate Formation Area Under Different Working Conditions
    3.5.2  Influencing Factors of Hydrate Formation Area During Drilling
    3.5.3  Influencing Factors of Hydrate Formation Area During Well Control
    3.5.4  Influencing Factors of Hydrate Formation Area During Well Test
  References
4  Influence of Hydrate Phase Transition on Multiphase Flow in Deepwater Gas Well
  4.1  Influence of Hydrate Phase Transition on the Rheology of Drilling Fluid
    4.1.1  Experimental Device
    4.1.2  Drilling Fluid Rheology Model Considering Hydrate Formation
    4.1.3  Hydrate Formation Integration Constant of CHF
  4.2  Influence of Hydrate Phase Transition on Multiphase Flow During Deepwater Drilling
    4.2.1  Well Annulus Multiphase Flow Model During Deepwater Drilling
    4.2.2  Influence of Hydrate Phase Transition on Bubble Migration
    4.2.3  Influence of Hydrate Phase Transition on Well Multiphase Flow Without Inhibitors
    4.2.4  Influence of Hydrate Phase Transition on Well Multiphase Flow with Inhibitors
  References
5  Mechanism and Prediction for Hydrate Deposition and Blockage in Deepwater Gas Well
  5.1  Hydrate Particles Interactions
    5.1.1  Interaction Force Between Hydrate Particles
    5.1.2  Interaction Force of Hydrate Particle-Droplet-Hydrate Particle
    5.1.3  Interaction Force of Hydrate Particle-Droplet-Hydrate Particle Considering Liquid Bridge Solidification
  5.2  Hydrate Deposition and Blockage Model in Gas-Liquid-Solid Three-Phase Flow
    5.2.1  Initial Deposition Model of Hydrate Particle in Gas Core
    5.2.2  Influence of Liquid Film Atomization on Hydrate Particles Deposition
    5.2.3  Effective Deposition Coefficient of Hydrate Particle in Gas Core
    5.2.4  Hydrate Layer Growth and Hydrate Blockage
    5.2.5  Model Solution and Validation
  5.3  Hydrate Deposition and Blockage Model in Gas-Solid Two-Phase Flow
    5.3.1  Theory on Radial Migration of Solid Particles in Gas-Solid Two-Phase Flow
    5.3.2  Wells and Friedlander Model
    5.3.3  Hydrate Particles Deposition in Gas-Solid Two-Phase Flow
    5.3.4  Model Solution and Validation
  5.4  Hydrate Deposition and Blockage Model in Water-Saturated Gas Single-Phase Flow
    5.4.1  Hydrate Deposition and Blockage Model
    5.4.2  Model Solution and Validation
  5.5  Prediction for Hydrate Blockage During Deepwater Gas Well Control
    5.5.1  Basic Parameters in Case
    5.5.2  Prediction for Hydrate Formation Area
    5.5.3  Laws of Hydrate Deposition and Blockage
    5.5.4  Influence of Hydrate Deposition on Wellhead Back Pressure
  5.6  Prediction for Hydrate Blockage During Deepwater Gas Well Test
    5.6.1  Hydrate Blockage Free Window (HBFW)
    5.6.2  Model Solution Steps
    5.6.3  Quantitative Prediction for Hydrate Blockage
    5.6.4  Case Analysis for Predicting the Hydrate Blockage
  References
6  Technologies for Hydrate Management in Deepwater Gas Well
  6.1  Classification of Chemical Inhibitors
    6.1.1  Thermodynamic Inhibitors
    6.1.2  Kinetic Inhibitors
    6.1.3  Anti-agglomerants
  6.2  Screening and Evaluation of Inhibitors
    6.2.1  Alcohol Inhibitors Screening
    6.2.2  Salts Inhibitors Screening
    6.2.3  Inhibitors Selection
  6.3  Parameters Design During Inhibitors Injection
    6.3.1  Injection System
    6.3.2  Injection Position
    6.3.3  Injection Pressure
    6.3.4  Injection Concentration
    6.3.5  Injection Rate
    6.3.6  Injection Amount
  6.4  Hydrate Blockage Management Method Based on Incomplete Inhibition
    6.4.1  Hydrate Blockage Management Based on the HBFW
    6.4.2  Hydrate Blockage Management Based on the Well Test System
  6.5  Risk Early-Warning of Hydrate Blockage
    6.5.1  Monitoring Device
    6.5.2  Early-Warning Flow
    6.5.3  Field Application
  References
7  Hydrate Management Software in Deepwater Gas Well and Case Analysis
  7.1  Software Overview
  7.2  Software Composition
    7.2.1  Data Input Module
    7.2.2  Calculation Module of Well Temperature and Pressure Fields
    7.2.3  Calculation Module of Hydrate Phase Equilibrium Conditions
    7.2.4  Prediction Module of Hydrate Formation Area
    7.2.5  Optimization Module of Injection Parameters
  7.3  Case Analysis for Hydrate Management in Deepwater Gas Well
    7.3.1  Basic Parameters
    7.3.2  Prediction on Hydrate Formation Area
    7.3.3  Prediction on Hydrate Blockage
    7.3.4  Chart for Injection Concentration
    7.3.5  Chart for Injection Pressure
  References