导语
内容提要
本书以微生物学基础及其在环境中的应用为编写主线,系统介绍了当前环境微生物学涉及的基本原理和技术。根据污染治理流程的需要,阐述了微生物生长繁殖、驯化、优化、应用,从工程的角度描述微生物生长过程、生态以及对环境胁迫因子的响应。
本书适用于环境专业研究生和本科生,可作为双语教学或者全英文授课的教材或者参考书。
目录
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Environmental Microbiology as a Discipline
1.2 Presence of Microbes in Our lives
1.2.1 Microbes in Our Body
1.2.2 Microbes in the Atmosphere
1.2.3 Microbes in Soil
1.2.4 Microbes in Water
1.2.5 Microbes of Plants
1.2.6 Microbes of Animal Origin
1.3 An Historical Perspective
1.4 Modern Environmental Microbiology
Chapter 2 Non-cellular Life: Viruses
2.1 General Characteristics and Classification of Viruses
2.1.1 Characteristics of viruses
2.1.2 Classification of viruses
2.2 Virus Morphology and Structure
2.2.1 Morphology and size of virus
2.2.2 Chemical composition and structure of virus
2.3 Virus Propagation
2.3.1 Reproduction process of virus
2.3.2 Lysogenicity of virus
2.4 Virus Cultivation
2.4.1 Culture characteristics of viruses
2.4.2 Culture medium for viruses
2.4.3 The cultivation of viruses
2.5 Resistance to Physical and Chemical Affects and Removal of Virus from Sewage Treatment Processes
2.5.1 Resistance of virus to physical factors
2.5.2 Resistance of virus to chemical factors
2.5.3 Viruses resistant to antibacterial substances
2.5.4 Virus survival in environment and its removal in sewage treatment process
Chapter 3 Prokaryotic Microorganisms
3.1 Bacteria
3.1.1 Morphology and size of bacteria
3.1.2 Cell structure of bacteria
3.1.3 Characteristics of bacterial culture
3.1.4 Physical and chemical properties of bacteria
3.2 Archaea
3.2.1 Characteristics of archaea
3.2.2 Classification of archaea
3.3 Actinomycetes
3.3.1 Morphology and size of actinomycete
3.3.2 Colony morphology of actinomycetes
3.3.3 Actinomycetes reproduction
3.4 Cyanobacteria
3.4.1 Chroococcophyceae
3.4.2 Hormogonophyceae
3.5 Spirochete
3.6 Rickettsia and Mycoplasma
3.6.1 Rickettsia
3.6.2 Mycoplasma
Chapter 4 Eukaryotic Microorganism
4.1 Protozoa
4.1.1 General characteristics of protozoa
4.1.2 Classification of protozoa
4.1.3 Cyst of protozoa
4.2 Miniature Metazoa
4.2.1 Rotifer
4.2.2 Nematode
4.2.3 Oligochaetes
4.2.4 Crustacean plankton
4.2.5 Bryozoan and Plumatella
4.3 Algae
4.3.1 General characteristics of algae
4.3.2 Classification and characteristics of algae
4.4 Fungus
4.4.1 Yeast
4.4.2 Mold
4.4.3 Agaricales
Chapter 5 Microbial metabolism
5.1 Overview of microbial metabolism
5.2 Microbial enzymes and enzymatic reactions
5.2.1 The composition of enzyme
5.2.2 Several important prothetic groups and coenzymes
5.2.3 Structure of zymoprotein
5.2.4 Active site of enzyme
5.2.5 Catalytic properties of enzyme
5.2.6 Factors affect the enzymatic reaction rate
5.2.7 Environmental applications of microbial enzymes
5.3 Microbial energy metabolism
5.3.1 Biological oxidation and energy generation of microorganisms
5.3.2 Biological oxidation types and energy-producing metabolism
5.3.3 Other metabolic pathways
5.4 Microbial anabolism
5.4.1 Anabolism of methanogens
5.4.2 Anabolism of chemoautotroph
5.4.3 Photosynthesis
5.4.4 Anabolism of heterotrophic microorganisms
References
Chapter 6 Microbial nutrition and growth
6.1 Microbial nutrition
6.1.1 Cellular compositions
6.1.2 Nutrients and trophic types of microorganisms
6.1.3 Ratio of carbon, nitrogen
6.1.4 Types of culture medium
6.1.5 The way nutrients enter microbial cells
6.2 Microbial growth
6.2.1 Microbial growth
6.2.2 Microbial cultivation
6.2.3 Growth in natural environment
6.2.4 Methods for determination of microbial growth
6.3 Effects of environmental factors on microbial growth
6.3.1 Temperature
6.3.2 pH
6.3.3 Redox potential
6.3.4 Dissolved oxygen
6.3.5 Solar radiation
6.3.6 Water activity and osmotic pressure
6.3.7 Surface tension
6.4 Relationship between microbial nutrition and biological wastewater treatment
6.4.1 Mechanism of microbial wastewater treatment
6.4.2 Microbial purifying functions
6.4.3 Biochemical oxygen demand and its application in biological wastewater treatment
6.4.4 Nutrient deficiency and biological wastewater treatment
6.4.5 Deficiency of trace elements and biological wastewater treatment
References
Chapter 7 Microbial Genetics and Mutation Objectives
7.1 Microbial Genetics
7.1.1 Confirmation of Genetic Material
7.1.2 The Composition and Structure of Nucleic Acid
7.1.3 DNA Replication
7.1.4 Denaturation of DNA
7.1.5 the Transmission of Genetic Information
7.2 Microbial Mutations
7.2.1 Mechanisms of mutation
7.2.2 Causes of Mutations
7.2.3 The main Mutation types of procaryote
7.3 Applications of Microbial Genetics in Environment Engineering
Chapter 8 Microbial ecology
8.1 Ecosystem
8.1.1 Ecosystem and biosphere
8.1.2 Ecological equilibrium
8.1.3 Classification of ecosystem
8.2 Soil microbial ecology
8.2.1 Ecological conditions in soil
8.2.2 Microorganisms in soil
8.2.3 Functions of microorganisms in soil
8.2.4 Soil contamination and the microbial ecology
8.3 Atmospheric microbial ecology
8.3.1 Ecological conditions in air
8.3.2 Species, amount and distribution of airborne microbes
8.3.3 Hygienic standard of air microorganism and biological cleaning technology
8.4 Aquatic microbial ecology
8.4.1 The aquatic environments
8.4.2 Sources of the aquatic microorganisms
8.4.3 Some aquatic microorganisms
8.4.4 Water pollution and the microbial ecology
8.4.5 Eutrophication
8.5 Relationships among microorganisms
8.5.1 Competition
8.5.2 Protocooperation
8.5.3 Symbiosis
8.5.4 Amensalism
8.5.5 Predation
8.5.6 Parasitism
8.6 Environmental self-purification and pollution control engineering
8.6.1 Soil self-purification and remediation
8.6.2 Self-purification of water body
References
Chapter 9 Biogeochemical Cycling
9.1 Water Cycle
9.2 Carbon Cycle
9.2.1 The biological carbon cycle
9.2.2 The geological carbon cycle
9.3 The nitrogen cycle
9.3.1 Nitrogen cycle mechanism
9.3.2 Nitrogen cycling in marine ecosystems
9.3.3 Human activity affects cycling of nitrogen
9.4 Sulfur cycle
9.4.1 Mechanism of sulfur cycle
9.5 Heavy Metal Cycle
Chapter 10 Microbiology principle to control water pollution
10.1 Microorganism and ecosystem in the wastewater biological treatment
10.1.1 Aerobic activated sludge process
10.1.2 Aerobic biofilm process
10.2 Activated Sludge Filamentous bulking
10.2.1 Causes of Filamentous bulking of Activated Sludge
10.2.2 Countermeasure for Controlling Filamentous bulking of Activated Sludge
10.3 Microbial Community of Activated Sludge and Biofilm in Anaerobic Environment
10.3.1 Anaerobic biological treatment
10.3.2 Anaerobic biological treatment theory and mechanism
Chapter 11 Microbiology Principles for advanced treatment of wastewater and pretreatment of micro-pollution water
11.1 Advanced treatment of wastewater—principles of nitrogen removal, phosphorus removal and microbiology
11.1.1 Purpose and significance of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in wastewater
11.1.2 Sources of nitrogen and phosphorus in natural water bodies
11.1.3 Principle, microorganism and technology of nitrogen removal
11.1.4 Principle and technology of microbial phosphorus removal
11.2 Microbiology Principle for pretreatment of micro-polluted water
11.2.1 Purpose and significance
11.2.2 Microbial pretreatment and microbial community
11.3 Function of microorganisms and aquatic plants in constructed wetlands to purify (waste) water
11.3.1 Constructed wetland ecosystem
11.3.2 The basic principle of purification of waste water by constructed wetlands
11.4 Disinfection of drinking water and its microbial effects
11.4.1 The importance of water disinfection
11.4.2 Water disinfection method
Chapter 12 Microbial treatment of organic solid waste and waste gas and its microbial community
12.1 Principles of Microbial Treatment and Resource Utilization of Organic Waste
12.1.1 Aerobic composting
12.1.2 Anaerobic composting
12.1.3 Security Landfill
12.1.4 Anaerobic fermentation
12.2 Technology of organic solid waste and microbial community
12.2.1 Aerobic composting technology
12.2.2 Influence factor
12.2.3 Microbial community in aerobic composting
12.2.4 Anaerobic composting technology principle
12.2.5 Microbial community in anaerobic treatment
12.2.6 Microbial community in anaerobic fermentation
12.3 Microbial Effects in Resource Processes
12.3.1 Microbial effects of aerobic composting
Chapter 13 Application of New Microbiological Technologies in Environmental Engineering
13.1 Application of Immobilized Enzymes and Immobilized Microorganisms in Environmental Engineering
13.1.1 Formulation of enzyme preparations
13.1.2 Extraction of enzymes
13.1.3 Purification steps of enzymes
13.1.4 Immonilization methods of Enzymes and Microorganism
13.1.5 Application prospects of immobilized enzymes and immobilized microorganisms in environmental engineering
13.2 Development and Application of Microbial Extracellular Polymers
13.2.1 Development and Application of Biosurfactants and Bioemulsifiers
13.2.2 Microbial self-flocculation and precipitation
13.2.3 Development and Application of Microbial Flocculants and Precipitators
13.2.4 Principles of Microbial Flocculants and Precipitators
13.3 Development and application of dominant strains and microbial preparations
13.3.1 Dominant strains
13.3.2 Selection steps of dominant strains and preparation of bacterial agents
13.3.3 Application of Microbial Agents
13.3.4 Usage of Microbial Agents
13.4 Energy Generated by Microorganisms
13.4.1 Energy Types Produced by Microorganisms
13.4.2 Microorganisms that produce hydrogen
13.4.3 Microbial hydrogen-producing fuel cells
Key Points
参考文献